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Despite a marked increase in rental supply in many of Canada’s largest cities, surging demand pushed the national vacancy rate for purpose-built rental apartments down from 3.1% to 1.9% in 2022, according to the latest Rental Market Report released by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC).
This was the national vacancy rate’s lowest level since 2001, reflecting widespread tightening across the country, including in Canada’s three largest rental markets of Montréal, Vancouver and Toronto, with the latter reporting a particularly sharp decline. The surge in rental housing demand in the country reflected higher net migration and homeownership costs. Higher mortgage rates, which drove up already-elevated costs of homeownership, made it harder and less attractive for renters to transition to homeownership.
The overall average rent growth for two-bedroom purpose-built apartments common to 2021 and 2022 surveys was 5.6%. This is a new annual high, well-above average rent growth recorded between 1990 and 2022. Higher rent-growth for two-bedroom purpose-built rents was widespread across Canada.
Also, new data published by CMHC indicates the average rent growth for two-bedroom units that turned over to a new tenant was well-above rent growth for units without tenant turnover (18.3% vs. 2.9%). This increased affordability challenges faced by renters trying to enter the market or find new housing. (Full table in Report Highlights)
In 2022, rental condominiums accounted for 19.3% of the total stock of rental units across centres. In some of Canada's largest centres, rented condominiums are an important source of rental supply, especially in Vancouver, Calgary and Toronto, where more than a third of all rental supply are rental condominiums.
While overall rental condo supply increased by 7.2% in 2022, the average vacancy rate for these units remained low at 1.6% (compared to 1.8% in 2021).
You can download the entire Rental Market Report from the CMHC website.
Quote:
“Lower vacancy rates and rising rents were a common theme across Canada in 2022. This caused affordability challenges for renters, especially those in the lower income ranges, with very few units in the market available in their price range,” said Bob Dugan, CMHC’s chief economist. “The current conditions reinforce the urgent need to accelerate housing supply and address supply gaps to improve housing affordability for Canadians, as stated in our report: Housing Shortages in Canada: Solving the Affordability Crisis.”
Report highlights:
- The primary rental apartment vacancy rate in Toronto fell to 1.7% in 2022, from 4.4% the previous year. Fewer disruptions to economic activity and immigration in 2022 resulted in a surge in rental demand.
- Strong demand in the Montreal rental market pushed the vacancy rate down from 3.7% in 2021 to 2.3% in 2022. Rent increases were also significant, especially for renters who moved.
- In Vancouver, the vacancy rate decreased from 1.2% in 2021 to 0.9% in 2022. Higher homeownership costs and migration to the region led rental demand to increase faster than supply.
- With Calgary’s economy growing beyond pre-pandemic levels, the rental market tightened to conditions not seen since Alberta’s last economic boom. Overall vacancy rate dropped to 2.7% (from 5.1% in 2021), the lowest since 2014.
- A strong economic rebound and record migration flows in Edmonton contributed to rental demand outpacing new rental supply in 2022. The purpose-built rental apartment vacancy rate was 4.3% in October 2022, down from 7.3% in October 2021.
- In Ottawa, strong demographic and economic conditions supported rental demand and as a result, the vacancy rate dropped from 3.4% in 2021 to 2.1% in 2022. The greatest declines occurred in central neighbourhoods, partly because of the return of post-secondary students.
- Record high supply growth has helped alleviate rental market tightness, while rising demand has accelerated rent increases in the Victoria rental market. The vacancy rate rose slightly to reach 1.5% (from 1% in 2021), mostly from the expansion of the rental apartment stock
- In Hamilton, the vacancy rate for purpose-built rental apartments was the lowest since 2002 at 1.9%. The number of occupied units increased due to more student renters, higher full-time employment and fewer renters transitioning into homeownership.
- The vacancy rate in Halifax did not change in 2022, staying at the record low of 1%. The number of rental apartment units increased by 1,348. This was the lowest number of annual rental completions since 2016.
- In some of Canada's largest centres, rented condominiums can be a driver of rental markets. Vancouver was the leader (with 42.5% of its rental stock made up of condominiums), followed by Calgary (37.5%) and Toronto (34%). Centres in Quebec generally reported smaller shares, including Montréal at 6.7%.
- The average rent for a 2-bedroom rental condominium apartment saw a significant increase to $1,930 from $1,771, about 9% year-over-year.
| Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) | Turnover Rate in 2022 (all purpose-built-units) | Turnover unit average rent increase (2 BDR) | Non-turnover unit average rent increase (2 BDR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | 13.6% | 18.3% | 2.9% |
| Vancouver | 10.7% | 23.9% | 3.9% |
| Victoria | 15% | * | 2.6% |
| Edmonton | 30.4% | 1% | 1% |
| Calgary | 27.9% | 5.3% | 2.9% |
| Regina | 34.5% | 3.2% | 1.8% |
| Saskatoon | 33.1% | 3.1% | 1.9% |
| Winnipeg | 19.2% | 3.1% | 2.4% |
| Hamilton | 12.3% | 25.8% | * |
| Windsor | 12.7% | 27.7% | 1.7% |
| KCW+ | 13.9% | 25.6% | 0.9% |
| London | 15.1% | 25.7% | 2.1% |
| Kingston | 19.2% | 21.6% | * |
| Toronto | 9.8% | 29.1% | 2.3% |
| Ottawa | 16.8% | 16.4% | 2.7% |
| Gatineau | 9.5% | 11% | * |
| Montreal | 10.3% | 14.5% | 3.5% |
| Québec | 15.4% | 8.2% | 3.4% |
| Halifax | 11.1% | 28.9% | 4.5% |
+ Kitchener – Cambridge – Waterloo
* Data withheld due to unreliability
Related links:
- Overview of residential construction in Canada’s largest CMAs (HSR)
- The road ahead for the economy and housing — fall 2022 update
- Canada’s housing supply shortage: skilled labour capacity
- Understanding Canada's housing supply shortages
- Household projections for Canada’s major urban centres
For information on this release:
We encourage journalists to contact CMHC Media Relations and arrange to speak to our experts regarding the rental markets and rental affordability in the 22 CMAs covered in the Rental Market Report.
CMHC Media Relations
media@cmhc-schl.gc.ca
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Backgrounder:
CMHC strongly believes that better, more informed housing decisions are made with the availability of quality housing market data and insights. CMHC’s reporting on the rental markets has been mainstay of the sector for over 50 years. The data and analysis gathered provides a common language for businesses, governments, and the general public to discuss rental market issues and developments.
CMHC conducts the annual Rental Market Survey in October. The survey is conducted through property managers, landlords, and owners across all centres with a population of at least 10,000. It targets only privately initiated structures with at least three rental units, which have been on the market for at least three months.
CMHC conducts the annual Condo Apartment Survey in September and October through telephone interviews. Its goal is to estimate the relative strengths in the secondary rental market, rented condominiums. Information is obtained from condo board representatives, property management companies or their representatives. This is supplemented by site visits if contact is not made by telephone.
